CSS 布局整理

日常开发中经常遇到布局问题,下面记录几种常用的css布局方案。

本文转自 segmentfault,版权归原作者所有。

居中布局

以下居中布局均以不定宽为前提,定宽情况包含其中

1、水平居中

  • inline-block + text-align
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.parent{
text-align: center;
}
.child{
display: inline-block;
}

tips:此方案兼容性较好,可兼容至IE8,对于 IE567 并不支持 inline-block,需要使用css hack 进行兼容

  • table + margin
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.child{
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}

tips:此方案兼容至IE8,可以使用<table/>代替css写法,兼容性良好

  • absolute + transform
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.parent{
position: relative;
height:1.5em;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
}

tips:此方案兼容至IE9,因为 transform 兼容性限制,如果.child为定宽元素,可以使用以下写法,兼容性极佳

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.parent{
position: relative;
height:1.5em;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
width:100px;
left: 50%;
margin-left:-50px;
}
  • flex + justify-content
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.parent{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.child{
margin: 0 auto;
}

tips:flex是一个强大的css,生而为布局,它可以轻松的满足各种居中、对其、平分的布局要求,但由于现浏览器兼容性问题,此方案很少被使用,但是值得期待浏览器兼容性良好但那一天!

2、垂直

  • table-cell + vertial-align
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.parent{
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}

tips:可替换成<table />布局,兼容性良好

  • absolute + transform
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.parent{
position: relative;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}

tips:存在css3兼容问题,定宽兼容性良好

如果是定高(假如高100px),可以使用margin-top: -50px;

  • flex + align-items
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.parent{
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}

tips:高版本浏览器兼容,低版本不适用

3、水平垂直

  • inline-block + table-cell + text-align + vertical-align
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.parent{
text-align: center;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.child{
display: inline-block;
}

tips:兼容至IE8

  • absolute + transform
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.parent{
position: relative;
}
.child{
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}

tips:兼容性稍差,兼容IE10以上

  • flex
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.parent{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}

tips:兼容差

多列布局

1、一列定宽,一列自适应

  • float + margin
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.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
}
.right{
margin-left: 120px;
}

tips:此方案对于定宽布局比较好,不定宽布局推荐下面这个方法

  • float + overflow
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.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}

tips:个人常用写法,此方案不管是多列定宽或是不定宽,都可以完美实现,同时可以实现等高布局

  • table
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.parent{
display: table; width: 100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
  • flex
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.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
}

2、多列定宽,一列自适应

  • float + overflow
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.left,.center{
float: left;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
  • table
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.parent{
display: table; width: 100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.center,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.right{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
  • flex
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.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left,.center{
width: 100px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
}

3、一列不定宽,一列自适应

  • float + overflow
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.left{
float: left;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}
  • table
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.parent{
display: table; width: 100%;
}
.left,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.left{
width: 0.1%;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.left p{width:200px;}
  • flex
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.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left{
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
}
.left p{width: 200px;}

4、多列不定宽,一列自适应

  • float + overflow
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.left,.center{
float: left;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left p,.center p{
width: 100px;
}

5、等分

  • float + margin
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.parent{
margin-left: -20px;
}
.column{
float: left;
width: 25%;
padding-left: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
  • table + margin
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.parent-fix{
margin-left: -20px;
}
.parent{
display: table;
width:100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.column{
display: table-cell;
padding-left: 20px;
}
  • flex
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.parent{
display: flex;
}
.column{
flex: 1;
}
.column+.column{
margin-left:20px;
}

6、多列等高

  • float + overflow
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.parent{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.right{
padding-bottom: 9999px;
margin-bottom: -9999px;
}
.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
}
.right{
overflow: hidden;
}
  • table
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.parent{
display: table;
width: 100%;
}
.left{
display:table-cell;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
display:table-cell;
}
  • flex
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.parent{
display:flex;
width: 100%;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
}
.right{
flex:1;
}

并排等分,单排对齐靠左布局

flex

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.main {
display: flex;
flex-flow: row wrap;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.item {
display: inline-block;
}
.empty{
height: 0;
visibility: hidden;
}

具体详解请见下文
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011007357

圣杯布局&双飞翼布局

此处仅为代码展示,差别讲解请移驾下文
【方案】圣杯布局&双飞翼布局

圣杯布局

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<div class="container">
<div class="header">header</div>

<div class="wrapper clearfix">
<div class="main col">main</div>
<div class="left col">left</div>
<div class="right col">right</div>
</div>

<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
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.container {width: 500px; margin: 50px auto;}
.wrapper {padding: 0 100px 0 100px;}
.col {position: relative; float: left;}
.header,.footer {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;left: -100px;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px; right: -100px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

双飞翼布局

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<div class="container">
<div class="header">header</div>

<div class="wrapper clearfix">
<div class="main col">
<div class="main-wrap">main</div>
</div>
<div class="left col">left</div>
<div class="right col">right</div>
</div>

<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>
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.col {float: left;}
.header {height: 50px;}
.main {width: 100%;}
.main-wrap {margin: 0 100px 0 100px;height: 200px;}
.left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;}
.right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px;}
.footer {height: 50px;}
.clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

以下所有demo的源码
github:https://github.com/zwwill/css-layout/tree/master/demo-1
链接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1cHBH3g
密码:obkb